The IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO
The imperfetto indicativo in Italian is one of the verb tenses used to tell stories about the past in the Italian language, which is always rich in nuances.
One of the topics that receives particular attention in Italian language courses is how to talk about the past.
Attempting to cover this subject in a single article risks causing confusion; there are five involved verb tenses, all belonging to the Modo Indicativo. We will examine them individually and make comparisons among them.
To get to know them better, the links to our articles on other verb tenses in Italian used to talk about the past:
Il PASSATO PROSSIMO in italiano
TRAPASSATO PROSSIMO, TRAPASSATO REMOTO in italiano
In the English version:
The PASSATO PROSSIMO In Italian
TRAPASSATO PROSSIMO, TRAPASSATO REMOTO in Italian
For any uncertainties, it’s advisable to consult an Italian language teacher. Alternatively, you can also contact us at info@linguaitalianaonline.com.
In this article we will deal with the IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian.
The Italian language is rich in temporal nuances that allow for the expression of various degrees of the past, and one of these verb tenses is the IMPERFETTO.
This verbal form, alongside the PASSATO PROSSIMO (present perfect), constitutes one of the fundamental past tenses of the Italian verb.
Così, Elena ricorda con affetto la sua infanzia, un tempo fatto di semplicità e bellezza, in cui ogni giorno portava con sé avventure e sogni incantati.
The form of the IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian
The IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian is formed, like the other verb tenses, by taking the RADICE (root) of the verb:
and adding the endings specific to the IMPERFETTO.
The IMPEFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian: the auxiliaries ESSSERE and AVERE
The IMPEFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian: regular verbs
Verbs ending in -IRE that add the ending -ISC in some tenses
do NOT do so in the IMPERFETTO
Use of the IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian
The IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian expresses a past action seen in its duration, describes a situation or scenario, expresses actions repeated out of habit.
The IMPERFETTO can also be used to describe moods, sensations in the past.
Let’s delve into it more specifically.
Descriptive IMPERFETTO
• The IMPERFETTO can be used to describe people in the past
• Besides describing the exterior aspects, the IMPERFETTO is also used to describe states of mind and feelings
• The IMPERFETTO can also be used to describe a setting in the past
• The IMPERFETTO can be used to describe a permanent situation
or a situation that lasted for a certain period, as in the example:
Habitual IMPERFETTO
• Corresponds, in the past, to habitual PRESENT, describing past actions repeated out of habit
The passage largely consists of a recounting of what used to happen habitually.
• It also describes regularly repeated habits over a certain period.
• Expressing actions that occurred simultaneously in the past, the imperfect is used for all of them
The IMPERFETTO to describe dreams
The IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian is usually used to tell what happens in dreams:
The IMPERFETTO for politeness
Frequently used in spoken language, it doesn’t relate to the past but it has a present significance. It serves to make a request more polite.
Upon entering a shop, it might be customary to say:
The IMPERFETTO and the PASSATO PROSSIMO
The IMPERFETTO expresses an action seen in its duration and continuity;
the PASSATO PROSSIMO expresses a defined action that occurs at a precise moment in the past. The action is not presented in its duration but as a specific fact.
The IMPERFECT expresses a situation;
the PRESENT PERFECT expresses a fact.
SITUATION FACT
We can say that the IMPERFETTO and the PASSATO PROSSIMO are used together to express the encounter of a specific action with a continuous action:
Conclusion
In conclusion, the IMPERFETTO is a fundamental tool for describing habits, situations, moods, and scenes in the past, offering a more comprehensive picture of past experiences.
Understanding the use of the IMPERFETTO INDICATIVO in Italian enriches communication in Italian, allowing you to precisely express the temporal nuances of lived experiences.